Pavlov found that once he conditioned a dog to salivate in response to a tone, a tone that was slightly higher or lower in pitch would also make the dog salivate. this phenomenon is called:

Stimulus generalization

Explanation:

Stimulus generalizationis is when a subject responds to a stimulus or a group of stimuli similar but not identical to the original situation. For example the dog salivating at a slightly higher or lower pitch not only to the exact tone is a stimulus that is similar but not the original. The animal responds to the similar stimulus in the same way it would to the conditioned stimulus.

new communications technology has affected the way social movements are organized because nowadays, social movements rely on social networks and the media to get different people with a similar way of thinking in contact, and thus, get them to mobilize for a greater cause.

individuals only participate in collective action when they feel identified with it. is in this aspect that social media becomes relevant, because it guarantees communication among all individuals and organizes the social actions that are going to be carried out, i.e., the social movements.

in addition, being covered by the media is important to validate the message and make it relevant in the social agenda, as well as to reach more people who can share interests, appealing to public sympathy for their cause.

in conclusion, it is by social networks and social media that social movement is given birth; by connecting different individuals with similar ideas and organizing them to mobilize for a greater cause.