Which type of irb review does not require an irb approval but does require a determination by an irb member or an irb designee (such as experienced staff person)?

exempt review  

Explanation:

          IRB stands for Institutional review board. It is a establishment body which works for the protection of the rights as well as the welfare of the human research subjects subjected to any research work.

          According to the federal regulation of 45 CFR 46, the research can be considered as "exempt" when it is no longer than the 'minimal risk' and if it fits in any one of the exempt review.

          The exempt review does not need approval from the IRB but it should be submitted to any member of IRB for review.

the correct answer is the following is a list of inventions made in the medieval islamic world, especially during the "islamic golden age" (8th to 13th centuries),[1][2] as well as the late medieval period, especially in the emirate of granada and the ottoman empire.

science and technology in the islamic world adopted and preserved knowledge and technologies from contemporary and earlier civilizations, including persia, india, china, and greece-roman antiquity, while making a number of improvements and innovations.

i believe the answer is: returns on investments, no wages

people who belong in upper class society would most likely get there by obtaining multiple source of income, which a certain percentage of ownership for businesses. since most of them are job creator, they would most likely get their money from profit, not wages.