In many parts of the world conflicts exist between farmers or ranchers and wild carnivores. conservation biologists argue for the importance of the carnivores in the proper functioning of the ecosystem. ranchers argue that no one owns the carnivores, so they have a right to kill any predator that attacks or might attack their livestock.

analyze this conflict from the perspective of either the conservation biologist or the rancher. your discussion should relate to hardin’s idea of the "tragedy of the commons."

Let’s analyze this conflict from the perspective of a conservation biologist.

Explanation:

Conservation biologist knows the value of all species naturally present in a given ecosystem and the need to maintain balance in numbers of each species. Thus, uncontrolled hunting of wild carnivores may lead to reduction in their number and ultimately endanger the given species of carnivores in a particular country.

Meanwhile, conservation biologist understands that certain people perceive commons, as a shared resource system, in a different way. In particular, people with particular interest and needs (farmers and ranchers), affected by the natural functioning of this system. From their perspective, resources that do not belong to any other particular individual and which are considered to be common, can be neglected if they interfere with farmer business. If the commons are unregulated it can lead to a greater abuse, thus the 'tragedy of commons'.

freeborn women in ancient rome were citizens (cives), but could not vote or hold political office. because of their limited public role, women are named less frequently than men by roman historians. but while roman women held no direct political power, those from wealthy or powerful families could and did exert influence through private negotiations. exceptional women who left an undeniable mark on history range from lucretia and claudia quinta, whose stories took on mythic significance; fierce republican-era women such as cornelia, mother of the gracchi, and fulvia, who commanded an army and issued coins bearing her image; women of the julio-claudian dynasty, most prominently livia (58 bc-ad 29), who contributed to the formation of imperial mores; and the empress helena (c.250–330 ad), a driving force in promoting christianity.

women in the ancient greek world had few rights in comparison to male citizens. unable to vote, own land, or inherit, a woman’s place was in the home and her purpose in life was the rearing of children. this, though, is a general description, and when considering the role of women in ancient greece one should remember that information regarding specific city-states is often lacking, is almost always from male authors, and only in athens can their status and role be described in any great detail. neither are we sure of the practical and everyday application of the rules and laws that have survived from antiquity. we do know that spartan women were treated somewhat differently than in other states. for example, they had to do physical training like men, were permitted to own land, and could drink wine.

earlier philosophers whose work influenced the enlightenment included bacon, descartes, locke, and spinoza. the major figures of the enlightenment included beccaria, diderot, hume, kant, montesquieu, rousseau, adam smith, and voltaire. it spread the ideas of the enlightenment across europe and beyond.