O. original source material:
apt was compared with numerous extant methodologies, including the linear models approach and event history analysis. the fundamental difference between apt and these other approaches is that no particular mathematical model is assumed in apt. in apt a model is viewed simply as a temporal pattern, whereas in most other approaches parameters of a mathematical model are estimated from data in which variables are measured separately. moreover, in apt probabilities of temporal patterns are estimated by relative frequency and duration.
references:
frick, t. (1990). analysis of patterns in time (apt): a method of recording and quantifying temporal relations in education. american educational research journal, 27(1), 180-204.
o. student version:
in this study, frick (1990) clarified the distinction between statistical linear models and analysis of patterns in time (apt). compared to the linear models approach (which includes particular mathematical models), apt is a straightforward way to create temporal maps and analyze them for recurring patterns of events. moreover, in apt probabilities of temporal patterns are estimated by relative frequency and duration of those events.
references:
frick, t. (1990). analysis of patterns in time (apt): a method of recording and quantifying temporal relations in education. american educational research journal, 27(1), 180-204.
question:
1. which of the following is true for the student version above?
i0 word-for-word plagiarism
ii) paraphrasing plagiarism
iii) this is not plagiarism