Which theory places the greatest emphasis on the relationship between consequences and the probability of a behavior reoccurring in the future?

Operant conditioning

Explanation:

Operant conditioning is a theory that explains how learning occurs through increasing or decreasing behavior usinoperant conditioning associate behavior and it's consequences.

Rewards are used to reinforce good desirable behavior.

Reforcement or punishment occurs in classroom or therapy session but it is a natural process that is used to either encourage behavior (reinforcement ) or discourage behavior (punishment ). Reinforcement improves the desirable behavior so that it happens again in the future.

There are two kinds of reinforcers:

Positive reinforcers are rewarding because the situation favours that behavior that is needed to continue. By adding something positive such as praising the person.

Negative reinforcers removing something that will decrease the behavior occuring again in the future  

the question deals with financial planning and the answer is that dan did not stay on budget due to the fact that this guy needs to start decreasing his discretionary spending. according to the financial plan, he needed to balance his expenses and resources.