When a group would benefit by working together, but each individual is better off refusing to cooperate and reaping benefits from those who do the work, this is called

What is polytheism? the belief in one god. the belief in more than one god. the belief that there is no god.

Which of the following statements describes the nature of "stigma" as it relates to welfare? a) society values individual characteristics such as self-reliance and a willingness to work hard, welfare recipients are seen as dependent and lazy. b) social welfare hs been polarized as a "moral category", and its related policy includes treating the poor in a dignified manner, as to highlight the responsible nature of the welfare recipents. c) the norm of reciprocity explains the societal obligation to make some return for the things received, welfare recipents are stigmatized because they are able to be seen as making appropiate contributions for the benefits they incur. d) the capitalistic nature of u.s. society stresses that those who work hard and have the ability will be rewarded with success, welfare recipients are equal to those who do not receive welfare because both groups of people deserve the benefits of success.

Catherine sat down will all of her income details from the past year to calculate the total income she had in that period. after she created a consolidated income statement, she deducted some tax-exempt income details from the statement. what term would catherine use for this final income calculation?