A(n) is a label that causes us to regard certain people as different, defective, and set apart from mainstream members of society.

A stigma is a label that causes us to regard certain people as different, defective, and set apart from mainstream members of society.

Explanation:

Stigma can be defined as the negative discrimination of a person’s behavior, character or reputation. Stigma is commonly evident in people with mental health issues.

Stigma makes worse effect on people. It affects the social relationship of a person. Stigma reduces self-confidence and dignity of the person. Steps should be taken earlier to avoid stigma, as it may cause serious mental health problems. Stigma makes people to stay away from the mainstream members of society.

"choosing is refusing" means individuals face an opportunity cost with each decision they make. economists state that every decision involves trade-offs. opportunity cost is the least desirable alternative given up as a result of a decision.

where is the rest of the question. this isn't making sense. can you upload a picture of the question?