Chloe is eating lunch with friends and is engaged in a conversation about a math test they took yesterday. although she is not paying attention to other discussions around her, chloe hears her name spoken by a group of students behind her. chloe's ability to process her name without paying attention to the conversation is known as

The cocktail party effect

Explanation:

The cocktail party effect is observed in the brain's ability to drive out all other noise, and focus one's auditory attention on a particular stimulus

This is sort of selective attention in the brain. It is analogous to when one is in a party and is able to focus on a single conversation amid the noise from the music and people. The brain decides which stimuli is most important to it and then reacts to it.

good question. i'll be looking into that. (this is a joke sir)