Is bluffing or deception during negotiations unethical, or is it just part of the game? what should be the rules when playing to win a negotiation?

Bluffing or deception is not part of the game, it is unethical.

Explanation:

Bluffing or deception is not part of the game, it is unethical. Ethical dilemmas are always easy to fathom to passive observers than to decision makers of any deal. Lawyers tend to garnish negotiations with a little lie as they claim its part of the negotiation but most times guide against bluffing. Many ethical codes and conduct put limit to lies in negotiations. According to a recent study, in order to protect your bargaining power and reputation, you need to be candid with your negotiations.

Bluffing or deception during negotiations is unethical because it can lead to infringement of equal rights to important and correct information that should be made available to the parties involved: bluffing or deception can mislead people and make them take wrong decisions which can end up affecting some parties, and acting against the bluffer or deceiver, especially in a court of law.

When playing to win a negotiation, the following ethical rules can be used:

1. Ensure that all important pieces of vital information and clear facts are placed on the table, and made available to all parties.

2. Ensure that high standards are stated in the terms of the negotiation, and made available to all parties.

3. Ensure that an agreement is made that will allow all parties to investigate and verify the whole information provided by all parties engaged in the negotiation.

4. Ensure that each party makes a final decision and initiates the negotiation based on the terms and conditions presented during negotiation.

for many centuries there were important factors which the economies of the muslim empires developed increasingly. they applied economic procedures in production, investment, finance, taxation and property. they used to tax certain goods (for example: harvest), they charged interest on money lent, they signed contracts with merchants; they relied on a common currency, and they used checks as well as promissory notes. with the money collected by means of taxation, the government provided the needy with an income. in addition, trading networks covered huge distances, so far regions started to have contact and exchange goods. this trade network covered areas of asia, africa and europe.