Shaw and mckay studied high-crime neighborhoods and discovered that these "zones" were characterized by or a breakdown in schools, families, and community groups.

Disorganization

Explanation: The high crime zones where a break down of traditional institutions of social control such as family, schools, etc. A lack of social control led to an increased level of antisocial and criminal behavior.

answer: musical connotation

leonard b. meyer (1918-2007) was an american composer, author and philosopher. his work emotion and meaning in music is perhaps the first major treatise on music. it is a philosophical and psychological work, greatly influenced by koffka (one of the major proponents of gestalt psychology). his work deals with the problem of musical meaning and musical communication.