Original source material

in contrast to the transmittal model illustrated by the classroom lecture-note taking scenario, the constructivist model places students at the center of the process--actively participating in thinking and discussing ideas while making meaning for themselves. and the professor, instead of being the "sage on the stage," functions as a "guide on the side," facilitating learning in less directive ways.

student version

considering the major changes and shifts in educational needs of today's society, the need for a new paradigm of education has emerged. this new paradigm of education requires a major change in the role of teachers from being the sage on the stage to a guide on the side, facilitating learning in less directive ways.

which of the following is true for the student version above?

a. word-for-word plagiarism
b. paraphrasing plagiarism
c. this is not plagiarism

b. Paraphrasing plagiarism

Explanation: paraphrasing plagiarism is when you have used someone paper work or idea, without acknowledging the person, and pretending to be the original owner of that work, as you have tried to rephrase the words to your own words,

The student version has copied the original version, without acknowledging the original version, the student just tried to change the words, using his own words, even though he has copied some key points, words to words.

It is called paraphrasing plagiarism, also because the student has added nothing new to his write-up, making his write-up, look more like the original source.

the factors that the economies of the muslim empires prosper were:

1- land trade routes-located between three continents  

2- sea trade routes

trade contributed to the spread of muslim empires, and with that islamic culture led to a growing feeling of internationalism resulted in the transfer of technology, science, and other cultural forms.