Research participants' results on the coin-rotation task are compared with their results on a test of grip strength (a measure of another construct: global upper-extremity strength). The correlation between the coin-rotation task and the grip strength task were found to be not statistically significant. This comparison provides support for which type of measurement validity?

discriminant validity

Explanation:

Discriminant validity is usually used in psychology to check if related events or parameters are actually unrelated in any way. In a successful discriminant validity test, It is essential to indicate that the test of a particular concept does not have any relationship with any other type of tests that are mainly for the measurement of other concepts.

the answer is d. amendments.

an informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.