"Gottfredson and Hirschi's holds that lack of self-control is the common factor underlying problem behaviors."

General theory of crime

Explanation:

Michael Gottfredson and Travis Hirschi's were criminologist who developed the general theory of crime also known as self control theory of crime.

This criminological theory holds that an individual's lack of self control is the major factor that influences criminal behavior. They believed that individuals that were not well parented before the age of ten, were more likely to have low self control, compared to their counterparts who were well parented.

an informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.