The principle of recognizing previous decisions as precedents to guide future deliberations is called .

stare decisis

Explanation:

Stare decisis -

It is a latin word , whose meaning is - " to stand by that which is decided " .

It is a common term , which is used in the courts .

The term is used , in the scenario , when the present case or scenario is somehow linked with some previous case , is referred to as stare decisis .

In this scenario , the previous case can help to take the decision in a fare and proper manner , by using the similar method and approach .

In simple words , the court need to follow the same or similar proceedings for both the cases .

Hence , from the given statement of the question ,

The correct term is stare decisis .

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an informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.