Sociologist believed that deviance is rooted in societal factors such as rapid social change and lack of social integration among people. As social integration (bonding and community involvement) decreased, deviance and crime increased.
a. emile durkheim
b. robert merton
c. edwin sutherland
d. walter reckless

The correct answer is letter A

Explanation: Durkheim defines social fact as the social and cultural instruments that determine the ways of acting, thinking and feeling in an individual's life. Thus, the social fact forces you to adapt to the rules of society.

The social fact is the real agents or the set of ways that are at the center of a society.

Durkheim's central thesis points out that the social fact is in the individual's perception. This will be conditioned by social realities that impose the limits of behavior to be accepted by society.