Maria took a drink from a container marked "milk." Surprised, she quickly spit out the liquid because it turned out the container was filled with orange juice instead. Maria likes orange juice, so why did she have such a negative reaction to it?
Because she saw that the carton was label "milk" and from previous experiences she expected a certain taste when she drank it

Top Down processing

Explanation:

When a person perceives things with respect to their knowledge of their environment this way of approaching a stimulus is known as Top Down processing.

Here, Maria was expecting to taste milk and she tasted orange juice. The carton was labelled as milk. Her previous experience was contradictory to her present experience.

This illustrates Top Down processing