Individualism, purpose, and exchange b. Social system morality c. Universal ethical principles d. Heteronomous morality

option D= heteronomous morality.

Explanation:

Kohlberg with full name --Lawrence Kohlberg was a psychologist. Lawrence Kohlberg was born on the 25th day of October, in the year 1927 in New York, United States of America and he died on the 19th day of January, in the year 1987 in Massachusetts, United States of America.

while he was still alive, one of Lawrence Kohlberg achievement was him proposing the Stages of Moral Development. Lawrence Kohlberg continued Piaget's work and according to him, heteronomous morality stage is "moral thinking is tied to punishment".

the arab empire adopted the muslim religion as their main belief. arabs would influence the people from the territories they invaded towards islam (the muslim belief).

nevertheless, throughout the history of the arab empire, rulers brought intellectual individuals from other religions to their centers of learning. these other foreigners included jews, christians, greeks, persians, and indians.   these resulted in the adoption of important knowledge developed by these cultures by the arabic empire. for example, the works of aristotle were translated from greek to arab and indian scientists brought the numerical concept of "zero" to the arabs.

nowadays, 93% of the arab population is muslim, which at the same time is subdivided in sects including the sunni, zaini, alawi, shia. the remaining 7% is composed mainly of christians.