Choose a postmenopausal woman at random. The probability is 0.40 that the woman chosen has osteopenia (low bone density) and 0.07 that she has osteoporosis (pathologically low bone mineral density).

(a) What must be the probability that a randomly chosen postmenopausal woman has a healthy bone density?

(b) What is the probability that a randomly chosen postmenopausal woman has some problem with low bone density (osteopenia or osteoporosis)?

(c) What are the risk and the odds of osteopenia in postmenopausal women?

(d) What are the risk and the odds of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women?

(A)the probability that a randomly chosen postmenopausal woman has a healthy bone density is 1-0.40=0.60.

(B).the probability that a randomly chosen postmenopausal woman has some problem with low bone density (osteopenia or osteoporosis) is :1-0.07=0.93

(C)Cigarette smoking, excessive alcohol and caffeine consumption, lack of exercise, and a diet low in calcium.

(D).Female gender, Caucasian or Asian race, thin and small body frames, and a family history of osteoporosis.

Explanation:

carefully examine the map above. based on your knowledge of colonialism in africa, the area attributed to belgium on this map is most likely the democratic republic of the congo.

answer; standardization;