The prevailing view that alcohol abuse usually follows a predictable downward spiral was based on Jellinek's mid 20th century survey of Alcoholics Anonymous ( AA ) members that asked them how alcohol had affected them physically and psychologically. Data from this survey are now considered inaccurate because:.a) respondents faked on the survey. b) too few AA member. c) since the survey was only sent to older members of AA, information on the progression of alcohol use was not available. d) Jellinek himself became an alcoholic and never finished the research.

b) too few AA member.

Explanation:

The prevailing view that alcohol abuse usually follows a predictable downward spiral was based on Jellinek's mid 20th century survey of Alcoholics Anonymous ( AA ) members that asked them how alcohol had affected them physically and psychologically. Data from this survey are now considered inaccurate because too few AA member responded to the survey.

In 1946, E.M. Jellinek published a research work titled "Phases in the drinking history of alcoholics. Analysis of a survey conducted by the official organ of Alcoholics Anonymous (Memoirs of the Section of Studies on Alcohol)", data from the survey have now been considered inaccurate because the number of respondents from AA members where to small to be a representation of the group. According to Jellinek, only 98 questionnaires were used for analysis out of 158 filled. In statistics and research, large sample sizes provide more accurate results with reduced experimental errors.

answer; knowledge,reason,and judgement;

answer; participant observation method;