Recently, Democrats and Republicans have battled over balancing the budget and health-care reform, with each side believing that their agenda is the best. This struggle between the two political parties is an example of .

Culture war

Explanation:

Culture war is defined as the dispute that occurs between two or more social communities.This conflict is regarding proving and implementation one's  belief, culture, customs or values superior in society .Conflict topics are related with  latest society disagreement subjects usually.

According to the question, dispute between both the political parties is displaying cultural war in which they are having dispute upon reformation balance budget and health related field. Both the parties are assuming their agenda to be more prominent and superior.

unless they converted, many non-christians (mainly jews and muslims) were persecuted

its kind of blury sorry