A teacher wanted to increase class participation, so she positively reinforced students who asked questions by giving them nickels. After a few days, students had stacks of nickels on their desks and were asking far too many questions. To reduce question asking, the teacher could remove a nickel whenever students asked a question, a process known as . Or, she could simply stop giving students nickels when they asked questions, a process known as .

Federalism began to spread super soon after

“dear sir: it is with great reluctance, i trouble you on a subject, which does not fall within your province; but it is a subject that occasions me more distress, than i have felt, since the commencement of the war; and which loudly demands the most zealous exertions of every person of weight and authority, who is interested in the success of our affairs. i mean the present dreadful situation of the army for want of provisions, and the miserable prospects before us, with respect to futurity. it is more alarming than you will probably conceive, for, to form a just idea, it were necessary to be on the spot. for some days past, there has been little less, than a famine in camp. a part of the army has been a week, without any kind of flesh, and the rest for three or four days. naked and starving as they are, we cannot enough admire the incomparable patience and fidelity of the soldiery, that they have not been ere this excited by their sufferings, to a general mutiny or dispersion. strong symptoms, however, discontent have appeared in particular instances; and nothing but the most acitive efforts every where can long avert so shocking a catastrophe.” what’s the central idea?

Which of the following is an example of how the principle of beneficence can be applied to a study employing human subjects? providing detailed information about the study and obtaining the subject's consent to participate. ensuring that the selection of subjects includes people from all segments of the population. ensuring that persons with diminished autonomy are protected. determining that the study has a maximization of benefits and a minimization of risks.