Ms. Cowan has a day care center, and this year she has one little girl who is very aggressive. No matter how much Ms. Cowan punishes her, the child continues to misbehave and seems to be increasing her aggressive actions. A behaviorist would say that

the punishment is actually a reinforcing form of attention

Explanation:

Ms. Cowan's punishment here functions as a form of encouragement for the child to continue her aggressive actions. Ms. Cowan uses positive punishment which adds unpleasant influence behaviour, she tries to use it to dissuade the child from aggressive actions but it works as though it is a positive reinforcement for the child as she increases aggressive behavior.

The punishment given is reinforcing the child to get angry.

Explanation:

The term reinforce means that the behaviour of a living being would reoccur if we keep punishing the child. The only cure to such behaviour is love. Because love touches the soul and influence the person's behaviour whereas the punishment given doesn't touches the soul and prevent everyone from any deed that is not allowed.

this null effect is caused by a weak manipulation and ineffective internal validity. in a scientific study, as the one dr. morimoto is trying to perfom, internal validity refers to the confidence placed in the cause-effect relationship and to how well an experiment is done and able to eliminate confounding variables.        

i got 3,4 and 5 as an answer