The contingency approach to leadership explains that leaders are most effective when they: a. follow universal managerial principles when faced with contingencies. b. create backup plans to deal with human resources problems. c. plan for emergencies before they occur. d. attune their behavior to situational forces.

Option D, attune their behavior to situational forces.

Explanation:

Contingency approach to leadership defines that leadership of any leader is effective when his response to any situation is based on his/her contigent action towards the situational variable. A good leader is the one who take risks and involve best styles of leadership rather than the set styles of leadership. As per Fiedler’s Contingency Model, a leaders role is effective when leadership style is according to any situation.

 Hence, option D is correct

its d i know cause i've been googling it