(A) Give ONE advantage and ONE disadvantage that urbanization has when compared to rural areas. (B) Identify TWO factors that have led to the increase in urban sprawl in the United States. (C) Give an economic disadvantage that cities may face as urban sprawl increases. (D) Discuss some negative impacts urban sprawl has on the environment. (E) Give TWO practices that would be emphasized when creating environmentally sustainable cities.

(A) Urbanization makes it easier to proportion services like medical services and education because people are more concentrated in urban areas. Rural areas are hard to supply with specialized services. A disadvantage is that crime tends to be statistically higher in urban areas.

Explanation:

In addition to the advantages and disadvantages of urbanization (B) Two factors that have led to the urban sprawl is 1) lack of urban planning and 2) rapid population growth that leads to overcrowding and traffic problems that compel people to move elsewhere or to travel long distances and thus adding to the urban sprawl.  (C) An economic disadvantage that cities may face is that services may be overburdened and it can lead to lower quality of life and higher poverty indicators in inner cities, for example.  (D) Urban sprawl has a negative impact on the environment because more people use private transportation because they have to travel long distances, thus increasing pollution. It also increases the need for parking and thus increasing the price of parking and making a sustainable form of life difficult for most wage earners. (E) Two practices that would be emphasized to create sustainable cities would be to encourage the use of public transportation and non-motorized vehicles like bicycles to reduce pollution and the levels of car traffic in the city.

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