Cesar credits his grandfather with being a model for his understanding of dogs, a clear case ofBLANK. This type of relatively enduring change in behavior is more likely to occur if you are paying attention to the model; it can also lead to aggressive or prosocial behaviors.

Observational learning

Explanation: Observational learning can be explained as a learning process acquired by being attentive to details such as behavior, action and reaction, emotional expression or language and other gestures which precedes or succeeds a behavior. The individual whose behavior is being observed and learnt is called the model. A model could be an individual's parent, guardian, relative or a social personality who possess a certain attribute or character which is learnt or modeled by others.

In the scenario above, Cesar acquired his understanding of dogs from his father, Here his father is the model through which Cesar's understanding of dogs was learnt.