Stratification"" refers to how society is organized into hierarchies according to which characteristics?

According to socioeconomic characteristics such as power, wealth, educational accomplishments etc. The people who are wealthy and have power represents the upper part of the society while the poor people represent the lower part of the society.

well its not not rising unemployment and falling inflation.

hope this good !

the arab empire adopted the muslim religion as their main belief. arabs would influence the people from the territories they invaded towards islam (the muslim belief).

nevertheless, throughout the history of the arab empire, rulers brought intellectual individuals from other religions to their centers of learning. these other foreigners included jews, christians, greeks, persians, and indians.   these resulted in the adoption of important knowledge developed by these cultures by the arabic empire. for example, the works of aristotle were translated from greek to arab and indian scientists brought the numerical concept of "zero" to the arabs.

nowadays, 93% of the arab population is muslim, which at the same time is subdivided in sects including the sunni, zaini, alawi, shia. the remaining 7% is composed mainly of christians.