is the transfer of information systems development, operation, or maintenance to an outside firm that provides these services, for a fee, on a temporary or long-term basis.

Outsourcing.

Explanation:

As the exercise explains, outsourcing is the transfer of information systems development, operation, or maintenance to an outside firm that provides these services, for a fee, on a temporary or long-term basis. It could be seen as an agreement between two companies, in which company A hires company B to carry out an activity that could be done internally. For example, a company may be in need of legal aid (even if they had a legal department) and hires a buffet of lawyers to help.

the density would be a smaller number.

answer; sutherland-differential association;