According to your textbook, when you listen to evaluate a speaker's message for purposes of accepting it or rejecting it, what kind of listening is involved?

ANSWER: CRITICAL LISTENING

EXPLANATION:

Critical listening refers to the form of listening that involves analysis, indebt thinking and making judgment.

However, critical listening occurs when an individual want to comprehend what is being said by the other person, but simultaneously have some responsibility or reason to evaluate what the speaker is saying and the manner it's being said.

Critical listening helps in assumptions evaluation, and other important information during the interaction. In critical listening, the listener undertakes systematic thinking and reasoning, and this allows the listener to derive whether there's any evidence in the speaker’s speech. Persons with critical listening do not use their opinions to adhere to arguments that are proved to be illogical. They establish facts to evaluate the argument put forth by the speaker, rather than mere opinions. Hence, it involves making a decision in problem-solving procedures.

Conclusively, a person with critical thinking skills are capable of making good decisions in proffering solutions to problems. Hence, these skills helps to increase productivity, laying emphasis on how critical listening plays a vital role during communication.

this null effect is caused by a weak manipulation and ineffective internal validity. in a scientific study, as the one dr. morimoto is trying to perfom, internal validity refers to the confidence placed in the cause-effect relationship and to how well an experiment is done and able to eliminate confounding variables.