When a professor is delivering a lecture and some students begin to whisper back and forth, the professor may stop the lecture, remain silent, and stare at the students. What is the professor’s behavior an example of?

negative sanction

Explanation:

Sanctions can be defined as the means of enforcing rules.

Sanctions can be positive as well as negative.

A sanction is said to be positive when rewards are given for conforming to norms. Getting a promotion at work is a positive sanction for working hard.

Negative sanctions on the other hand are punishments given to people for violating norms. Being arrested is a punishment for shoplifting. Both types of sanctions play a role in social control.

We also have formal and informal sanctions.

Formal sanctions are the official ways to recognize and enforce violation of norms. In the event a student violates her college’s code of conduct, for example, she might be expelled. When an employee speaks inappropriately to the boss, he could be fired.

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