Generally speaking, refers to any mental activity or processing of information, including learning, remembering, perceiving, believing, and deciding.

Martin is managing a production line in a manufacturing plant in the midwest. martin has a quality and productivity problem in one part of the manufacturing process. he discovers that his workers aren't sure what to do. when he asks why they didn't ask questions, the universal reply is, "we midwesterners don't ask questions, we just do." martin decides to address this problem by offering recognition rewards for anyone who asks the most job-related questions each month that lead to process improvements. unfortunately, martin finds the program doesn't work. when he further questions his workers, he discovers that no one wants to be the first to ask questions. as a group, workers still feel that they should figure it out on their own and not ask questions. martin finds carmen, one of the workers that everyone else admires, and talks her into being the first to ask questions as part of the program. after about a month, several other people begin to submit questions, and soon everyone in the plant is asking questions. refer to case 6.1. martin's plan failed initially because he didn't consider the power of on attitudes.

Cindy is 18 years old. cindy's parents and her 23-year old brother rich are going away for the weekend. renee, cindy's best friend, is pressuring her to throw a huge saturday night party for all their friends since no one will be home. renee even asked rich if he could pick up a few kegs for them. rich brought back two kegs of beer, a bottle of vodka, and a few bottles of wine, which he hid in the basement. renee also spread the word around school for everyone to show up. cindy now has over $100 worth of alcohol hid in the basement, an empty house for the weekend, and several friends expected to show. what should she do?

Aresearcher conducts a focus group to learn about attitudes towards hygiene and disease prevention. two weeks after the focus group, the researcher learns one of the subjects had a heart attack at home and was hospitalized, but made a full recovery. based on dhs regulations, the researcher report this event to the irb? no, this does not need to be reported since the subject had the heart attack when they were home, not at the focus group.no, this does not need to be reported since it is unrelated to participation in the study.no, this does not need to be reported because two weeks have passed.no, this does not need to be reported since the subject recovered.