Research participants who were exposed to very convincing arguments about the desirability of frequent toothbrushing mis-re-called how frequently they had brushed their teeth in the preceding two weeks. This best illustrates:.a) the self-reference effect.
b) proactive interference.
c) motivated forgetting.
d) the spacing effect.
e) semantic encoding.

Francine, a college freshman, has agreed to participate in a psychology research study. before she begins her participation, she reads a statement written by the researcher explaining the purpose of the research and the potential risks of participation. it also explains that francine is free to withdraw from the research at any time. in providing francine with this statement, the researcher has followed the ethical guidelines of for participants.