What kind of reasoning based on false or invalid arguments.

Fallacious Reasoning.

Explanation:

Fallacies are assumptions based on false claims. They arise from justification that is logically false, weakening the truth of the claim. It may be created unintentionally or maybe deliberately created to mislead certain people. The large majority of widely found fallacies include arguments, while others contain just descriptions, concepts or other reasoning.

even though you have attached neither the chart nor the generalizations, i have located them online. the right answer is d, since they are asking you about a generalization. you can only infer from the chart that between 2008 and 2009 the number of employed workers decreased significantly (from over 115 millions to 107 millions approximately), which signals some type of economic crisis.