Ashley grew up fearing clowns because of an incident early in her life. Although it took several years before the fear disappeared completely, she can now enjoy the entertainment that clowns offer. Her fear of clowns has undergone:.a. dismissal. b. dishabituation. c. extinction. d. stimulus generalization.

Extinction

Explanation:

Extinction in psychology refers to behavioral phenomenon which is observed in operantly conditioned as well as classically conditioned behavior, and constitutes fadingbof learned behaviour through this process of conditioning as a result of non-reinforcement of response over time. Crotchet example from the above if the individual had faced clown incidents again and again over the period, she would still be afraid of them.

Option C==> extinction.

Explanation:

In Psychology, there is an aspect which is about or related to learning things and this concept is known as classical conditioning. So, in classical conditioning EXTINCTION is an element of the the concept. So, before I give the definition of extinction let me make an example in the next paragraph which is somewhat close to the experiment conducted by Ivan Pavlov(Russian Psychologist).

Imagine you conditioned or train your pet that whenever you ring a bell then it is time for food. So, whenever you ring that bell your pet runs to you in joy and salivates and because your pet knows that it is time for it to eat. Then, after sometimes whenever you ring the bell the pet does not see you will any food and do this for sometimes. After some days your pet will not run to to again because to the pet the ringing of the bell does not hold any meaning. This is what is called EXTINCTION.

Extinction is defined as what happens in classical conditioning when a conditioned stimulus is present but there is no more conditioned response.

answer; collectivism;

answer; cognitive neuroscientist;