This unit introduces three religious-based reform movements: Protestantism in mainland Europe, Protestantism in England, and the Catholic Counter-Reformation, as well as the subsequent violence they caused. Choose one of these movements and discuss the influence of political, spiritual, or cultural aspects of the movement as well as any subsequent strife (warfare and other forms of violence). To support your judgment, your answer should highlight at least one specific reformer, region, cultural development, and form of violence.

Protestantism in mainland Europe began with the publication of the Ninety-Five Theses by Martin Luther in 1517. Martin Luther was a Catholic priest who disagreed with many of the teachings of the Church, such as the sale of indulgences. He complained about such practices in his Ninety-Five Theses.

Many people were inspired by his work, and his followers became known as Protestants, as they were protesting the shortcomings of the Catholic Church. However, such protests and conversions were controversial, and they were the target of much hate. This led to violence in many different areas, such as the Holy Roman Empire, Luther's home. As Protestantism spread, it also led to political conflict, as the number of converts increased and the governments of countries needed to decide what to do with these people.

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