Marion and her husband Bill are trying to bring up their children, a boy and a girl ages 4 and 5, respectively, in exactly the same way: encouraging their son to demonstrate both assertiveness and tenderness and encouraging their daughter to exhibit both independence and empathy. According to researcher Sandra Bem, these parents are encouraging their children toward:.
a) gender constancy.
b) gender schema.
c) androgynous characteristics.

C) androgynous characteristics

Explanation: According to researcher Sandra Bem, Both Marion and Bill are encouraging their children towards having an androgynous characteristics, this simply means they are encouraging the both of them to posses both feminine and masculine traits. Possessing this kind of characteristics enable people become more stable and focus as they tend to approach situations from both a feminine and masculine point of view.

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i want to say death; parole, probation, and fines are still being used all the time.