Martin decides to take a physics class, even though he has a very weak science background. While he is looking forward to the experience, he is also a little nervous. Martin's friend Toshio remarks "Man, you're crazy! I'd never take that class because I'd fail!" According to Atkinson, Martin and Toshio differ in their

Martin and Toshio differs in level of optimisim.

Explanation:

Optimisim is the state whereby an individual feels the urge of success or succeeding in any given endeavor to be embarked on irrespective of whether the person has an experience in that field or not. This mental state of mind differs from one individual to another and could be caused to manifest on an individual based on different factors.

Martin has a very high level of optimisim leading to him having a positive view on the physics class even though he has a weak background in science field while his friend, Toshio has a very low optimisim level, hence his pessimistic view on the idea by his friend.

if interdependence implies a two-way dependence, and if each partner is equally dependent on the other for success, then there is an equal commitment to the making the partnership successful. the advantage is sustainability of the relationship, the disadvantage is that decisions are "democratic" and therefore may take longer to reach and more likely to be a compromise (which is not always the best solution). as the interdependence moves away from equality, the decisions become more influenced by the more independent partner. in the extreme the relationship becomes more dictatorial and more like "master-slave". generally the relationship has less commitment in both directions and is more likely to be temporary.

if one generalizes (and one shouldn't), equity partnerships, which is probably what is implied by interdependence, can be slow to progress or change but durable. the extreme alternative, independent-dependent partnerships tend to be efficient but more fragile.

hope this but you will have to site your own evidence. : )