At 3 o'clock in the morning, John has already slept for four hours. As long as his sleep continues, we can expect an increasing occurrence of . Group of answer choices REM sleep hypnagogic sensations muscle tension NREM sleep

REM sleep

Explanation:

Based on the scenario being described within the question it can be said that we can expect an increasing occurrence of REM sleep. This acronym stands for Rapid eye movement sleep and is a specific phase in the sleep cycle in which the sleeper's eyes begin to move rapidly due to them being in a vivid dream. Since this usually happens when deeply asleep, after a couple of hours of falling asleep then we can assume that this will occur.

as university of miami psychologists debra lieberman and adam smith pointed out in a recent article in the journal current directions in psychological science, humans have social and psychological mechanisms to deter incest. with very few exceptions, marriages between brothers and sisters and between parents and their children are verboten in every human culture. the primary psychological anti-incest mechanism is the yuck response. even the idea of sex with their mom or dad, bro or sis is upsetting to most people. the psychologist jonathan haidt has found that nearly everyone is repelled by the prospect of brother-sister sex, even in hypothetical situations in which there is no chance of pregnancy).

the biological cost of incest

this raises an interesting question: just what’s so bad about incest? sure, having sex with your dad or your sister seems gross — but why? some anthropologists have argued that incest taboos are learned social conventions. this explanation, however, doesn’t make sense to me as it does not explain the widespread existence of anti-incest mechanisms in creatures ranging from cockroaches to chimpanzees. second, the incest taboo is about as close to a universal law as human moral rules get.

why should mechanisms to avoid incest be so widespread both in nature and across human societies? the answer is simple. the problem with having sex close with relatives is that there is an astonishingly high chance that your offspring will be born with a serious birth defect.

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