In a study by Hovland and Weiss, subjects heard arguments regarding the feasibility of atomic submarines. Subjects were more persuaded by physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer rather than the Soviet newspaper Pravda because:

Oppenheimer was perceived as an expert and trustworthy source of information, unlike Pravda

According to ohrp, a problem is an “unanticipated problem” when it meets which of the following criteria: unexpected, related or possibly related to the research, suggests that the research does not put the subjects or others at greater riskunexpected, related or possible related to the research, suggests the research puts subjects or others at greater riskunexpected, unrelated to the research but still occurring with a subject, suggests the research puts others at greater riskexpected, related or possible related to the research, suggests the research puts others at greater risk