According to Victor Vroom, the three primary elements that determine how willing an employee is to work hard at tasks important to an organization are: a) existence, relatedness, and growth. b) safety, esteem, and self-actualization. c) achievement, affiliation, and power. d) motivation, recognition, and hygiene. e) expectancy, instrumentality, and valence.

e) expectancy, instrumentality, and valence.

Explanation:

Victor Vroom developed what is called expectancy theory which explains employees will act a certain way if motivated by the expected goal that comes with the work.

The elements that awake this motivation are:

Multiplied, these elements all produce the desired motivation for hard work that results in good organization and accomplished job.

1. seasonal

2. frictional unenployment

3. the number of the labor force multiplied by 100 and then subtract the number of unemployed.

4. 4%

5. an increase in prices