Seth and his preschool friend frequently dump all the books off the bookshelf in the classroom. One day, Seth observes his friend being punished by their preschool teacher after she saw his friend dumping the books. After seeing his friend punished, Seth never again dumps books off the bookshelf. Seth has learned through:

vicarious reinforcement      

Explanation:

Vicarious reinforcement: In psychology, the term "vicarious reinforcement" was proposed by one of the famous behaviorists and psychologists named Albert Bandura, and is determined as one of the different reinforcement technique in which an organism including animals and human beings tends to duplicate or repeat a particular behavior in order to get a reward as other were being rewarded for the same.

In the question above, Seth has learned through vicarious reinforcement.

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they protect against unsafe foods and medicines being sold

explanation: