As part of an experiment on the effects of behavior modeling, a set of raters are evaluating prosocial behavior in a series of videotapes of a preschool class. Initially, the raters were quite strict in their ratings, but after 3 hours of rating, their criteria had changed. Which type of threat to internal validity has occurred?

The name of mexico before it won independence

Suppose that sociologists and cultural anthropologists are tying to measure the amount of child abuse for cross cultural comparison. they run into disagreement over whether spanking a child is abuse or discipline. what problem are they encountering in their research? a. reliability of the definition of abuse. b. validity of the definition of abuse. c. occam's razor about the definition of abuse. d. none of these.

Congress wanted to "keep the union together despite slavery." what can you most likely infer about this statement about how congress wanted to handle slavery? a congress wanted to make compromises between the states instead of addressing the issue of slavery. b congress wanted everyone to reach agreements on whether to band together against uprisings. c congress wanted everyone to abolish and destroy slavery in the whole of the united states. d congress wanted the united states to immediately deal with the issue of slavery once and for all.