In the United States Supreme Court dealt with a case involving an inmate who had been forced to sit in a chair while two officers hit him in the head and chest area, with a lieutenant looking on.
A. Diaz v. Martinez
B. Gomez v. Glenn
C. Hamdin v. Grouch
D. Hudson v. McMillian

Hudson v. McMillian

Explanation:

This case was based to decide if use of physical attack against any prisoner can be constituted as cruel and unusual punishment or not while the prisoner had not suffered any grave injury.

The case was that Keith Hudson, a prisoner was thrashed by jack Macmillan and Marvin woods who were prisoner guard. It was done in presence of Arthur Mezo who was the supervisor of the two guards.  

Hudson then sued those guards in Federal district court. Hudson claim was that his eight amendment right was violated of being free from cruel and unusual punishment.

The decision of district court was that the force was used by guard, even though it was not needed in those circumstances, therefore held the guard guilty. But the decision was overturned in Fifth circuit court by giving judgement that prisoner should show the serious injury to claim his Eighth Amendment right.

Thus, in the given question same case in being mentioned as question says inmate was made to sit on chair and hit by officer in presence of lieutenant.

freeborn women in ancient rome were citizens (cives), but could not vote or hold political office. because of their limited public role, women are named less frequently than men by roman historians. but while roman women held no direct political power, those from wealthy or powerful families could and did exert influence through private negotiations. exceptional women who left an undeniable mark on history range from lucretia and claudia quinta, whose stories took on mythic significance; fierce republican-era women such as cornelia, mother of the gracchi, and fulvia, who commanded an army and issued coins bearing her image; women of the julio-claudian dynasty, most prominently livia (58 bc-ad 29), who contributed to the formation of imperial mores; and the empress helena (c.250–330 ad), a driving force in promoting christianity.

women in the ancient greek world had few rights in comparison to male citizens. unable to vote, own land, or inherit, a woman’s place was in the home and her purpose in life was the rearing of children. this, though, is a general description, and when considering the role of women in ancient greece one should remember that information regarding specific city-states is often lacking, is almost always from male authors, and only in athens can their status and role be described in any great detail. neither are we sure of the practical and everyday application of the rules and laws that have survived from antiquity. we do know that spartan women were treated somewhat differently than in other states. for example, they had to do physical training like men, were permitted to own land, and could drink wine.

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