The idea that mass communication ordinarily does not serve as a necessary and sufficient cause of audience effects, but rather functions among and through a nexus (web) of mediating factors and influences, is the basis of Joseph Klapper's theory.

Which of the following are characteristics of soft money? i. donations from individuals and interest group pacs ii. unregulated by the federal election commission iii. goes directly to a political candidate iv. can be used for advertising or other campaign expenses a. i, ii, iii, and iv b. i and ii only c. i, iii, and iv only d. ii, iii, and iv only\