In the United States during the late 1980s, most Democrats wrongly believed that inflation had risen under Republican president Ronald Reagan. In 2010, most Republicans wrongly believed that taxes had increased under Democratic president Barack Obama. These incorrect beliefs best illustrate the impact of:

in-group bias

Explanation:

In-group bias, also known as in-group favoritism can be described as the tendency of people to favor those that belong to the same group with them, which can be reflected in the way they evaluate issues, and even when allocating resources.

In the scenario cited in the question above, the impact of in-group bias is illustrated, as Democrats in their evaluation of the regime of a government, tend to favor the president that belongs to their party, while, the Republicans favor their own party members, as each group wrongly evaluate each other.

sorry but your romanian isn't clear could you just translate to english

explanation:

as university of miami psychologists debra lieberman and adam smith pointed out in a recent article in the journal current directions in psychological science, humans have social and psychological mechanisms to deter incest. with very few exceptions, marriages between brothers and sisters and between parents and their children are verboten in every human culture. the primary psychological anti-incest mechanism is the yuck response. even the idea of sex with their mom or dad, bro or sis is upsetting to most people. the psychologist jonathan haidt has found that nearly everyone is repelled by the prospect of brother-sister sex, even in hypothetical situations in which there is no chance of pregnancy).

the biological cost of incest

this raises an interesting question: just what’s so bad about incest? sure, having sex with your dad or your sister seems gross — but why? some anthropologists have argued that incest taboos are learned social conventions. this explanation, however, doesn’t make sense to me as it does not explain the widespread existence of anti-incest mechanisms in creatures ranging from cockroaches to chimpanzees. second, the incest taboo is about as close to a universal law as human moral rules get.

why should mechanisms to avoid incest be so widespread both in nature and across human societies? the answer is simple. the problem with having sex close with relatives is that there is an astonishingly high chance that your offspring will be born with a serious birth defect.