What limits do artifacts on American civilizations pre-1600 have as historical sources?

The answer is below

Explanation:

Making use of Artifacts can be helpful in giving historical evidence or information, however, examining artifacts has its limitations on historical sources

Some of these limitations includes the following:

1. Analysis of Artifacts is not exact science: Often times, there exist subjective elements in the analysis and interpretation of the artifacts as different people, using the same artifact, may reach different conclusions

2. Often times, there is contradicting evidence: There are situation in which an artifact will yield evidence which contradicts with other findings that have been made on that artifact or similar artifacts.

3. Misidentification of Artifacts: There is possibility that a particular artifact has been misidentified.

4. Changes in Interpretation of the Evidence: There are situations in which the original interpretation of artifact was later changed. Thus, further investigation has caused a reversal of what was originally interpreted.

Summarily, Artifacts are limited as sources of history on America civilization pre 1600 due to lack of real use visualization and inaccurate placement. Often times, it is difficult to see how they were actually utilized and the place where we found them might not be the place where they were built or used.

The correct answer to this open question is the following.

The limits that artifacts on American civilizations pre-1600 have as historical sources are that the artifacts found in different locations cannot definitely establish a conclusion about the location of the Native American tribes or the type of society they lived in. Another issue is the fact that these tribes did not leave written documents that could be validated. They had oral traditions that were passed through generations. It was until the English colonists arrived at the North American region that historians could have better records to know what happened at that time.

clearcutting reproduces a new even-aged stand by completely removing the mature stand.

clearcutting as a silvicultural treatment has several characteristics:

it causes a sudden environmental change

it removes the seed source from the regeneration area

the configuration of the clearcut may affect seed dispersal

it begins a new rotation

it will eliminate some pests that require forest cover

overall, it temporarily removes the forest cover, transforming the forest community and environment.

clearcutting followed by artificial (seeded or planted) regeneration has several advantages:

we can avoid delay in restocking the site

we can introduce a selected species, seed source, and genotype

we can control arrangement and spacing

we can achieve uniformity in the new stand

we can overcome the problems associated with securing sufficient natural regeneration.

the shelterwood method involves the removal of most of the mature stand at the end of the rotation, but a portion of the mature stand is left standing.   the shelterwood method serves three basic purposes:

to prepare the stand for production of abundant seed

to modify the environment in a way that promotes germination and survival of the selected species

to build up the amount and size of advance regeneration to ensure the prompt restocking of the new stand following overstory removal.

the shelterwood method involves a sequence of 3 cuttings:

preparatory cuttings: make the seed trees more vigorous and set the stage for regeneration. see our thinning page for more information.

establishment/seed cuttings: open up enough vacant growing space to allow establishment of the new regeneration.

removal cuttings: uncover the new crop to allow it to fill the growing space.

the residual trees in the shelterwood must:

be sturdy and windfirm

be able to survive exposure

flower and reproduce seed

be the best trees of the mature stand

keep in mind that the shelter trees must not occupy the entire site.   a void must be created in order to make room for the new regeneration. the amount of shelter to leave will depend on the following factors:

species characteristics (seeding and shelter requirements)

the number of cuttings in the cutting sequence (1, 2, or 3)

landowner objectives

the size of the area to be regenerated

the final removal harvest level required to be profitable

the shelter must be removed before it impedes the growth of the new stand or threatens its survival.