Superstitious behavior can be produced by:

A. placing a conditioned response (CR) before a conditioned stimulus (CS).
B. cognitive awareness of superstitious behavior in others.
C. the accidental timing of rewards.
D. the change in a reinforcement schedule from ratio to interval.
E. possession of a large number of traditionally lucky items.

The photo shows a shopping mall in beijing, china. inside, there are food sites selling pizza and hamburgers and closing stores selling blue jeans and basketball sneakers. these items have become popular around the world because

Aresearcher is studying women recently admitted to a state prison. all potential subjects must have children under the age of five. research subjects will be given a basket of toys to use at their children’s first visit that the children can then take home. in assessing this proposal, the irb needs to determine that the toys are: age appropriate.not an excessive incentive.educational.of high quality.

Recall that in one condition of the experiment conducted by stasser and titus (1985) about student council president candidates, all group members had access to the same information, and that in another condition, members had unique information that other group members didn't know. in the second (unshared information) condition, the group made a worse decision than in the first (shared information) condition. this occurred because groups seldom can agree on who is most expert. focus discussion on the information that all members know. often ignore dissenting opinions. avoid differences of opinion, given conformity pressures.