The Congress shall have Power ... To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof.
— U. S. Constitution, Article I, Section 8.

Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from this section of the U. S. Constitution?
A.
Congress has powers that may be defined in a different article of the Constitution.
B.
Congress has powers beyond those explicitly spelled out in the text of the Constitution.
C.
Congress has the power to create new duties for their members.
D.
Congress has the power to act alone in implementing new laws.