A researcher is interested in how heart rate and blood pressure are affected by viewing a violent film sequence as opposed to a non-violent film. He conducts an experiment to investigate the relationship. a) Heart rate and blood pressure are the variables.
b) The type of film watched is the variable.
c) The group that views a violent film is the group.
d) The group that watches a nonviolent film is the group.

The answers are:

a. dependent

b. independent

c. test

d. control

Explanation:

In scientific research, investigations are done to study whether certain factors change while changing others, and the following terms are associated with  scientific research:

a. dependent variable: These are factors or outcomes that are being investigated in a research experiment, and they are not under the direct control of the researcher. They are factors that vary as a result of other changes made in the process. In our example, the heart rate and blood pressure are proposed to vary with the type of film watched hence these factors are dependent variables.

b. independent variable: Independent variables are variables that are under the direct manipulation of the researcher, and the predetermined variation of these variables cause certain effects on the dependent variables. In our example, the type of film is the independent variable, because the researcher has complete control over the type of film watched.

c. Test group: These are the group of participants/individuals in research, who will potentially be affected by the change in the dependent variable to cause an effect that deviates from the normal. In our example, the group that views the violent film is the test group, because there is a tendency that they might have altered heart rate and blood pressure as a result of the type of film viewed.

d. control group: The control group is the group of individuals whose effects at the end of the experiments will serve as baseline effects, to serve as a means of measuring the magnitude of variation in the test group. These groups serve to eliminate any other effects that might cause similar changes as the factor being investigated in all test participants.

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