Barbara, a first-line manager at a manufacturing firm, has negative perceptions about her subordinates. She believes that they dislike work and would do anything to avoid it. As a result, she constantly coerces them into working by threatening them with a decrease in pay. In this scenario, Barbara most likely believes in .

The options are

Expectancy theory

Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory

Theory X

Equity theory

The answer is Theory X

Theory X and Theory Y was developed by psychologist called Douglas McGregor. Theory X involves individuals being less ambitious and unwilling to perform given tasks.

This is given in the question as they dislike work and would do anything to avoid it and they are also constantly coerced into working by threatening them with a decrease in pay which is an example of the Theory X characteristics.

the question deals with financial planning and the answer is that dan did not stay on budget due to the fact that this guy needs to start decreasing his discretionary spending. according to the financial plan, he needed to balance his expenses and resources.

a) they had recently endured the tyranny of the british king, parliament, and its royal