Ralph arranges with the manager of a fantasy baseball league to observe and interview members as part of his research. At the baseball "draft," Ralph introduces himself to other members of the fantasy league and they agree to let him observe the draft and allow themselves to be interviewed, although they do not allow him to join the league (as his knowledge of other members' strategies may affect how he manages his fantasy team). His role as a field researcher is that of a . a) note-taker
b) overt observer
c) participant observer
d) complete participant

b. Overt observer

Explanation:

Overt observer is process where those who are observed are aware that they are and give permission for it. When the observer participate in the overt observation it is called participatory overt observation, while when the participant doesn't join in the action it is called non-participatory overt observation. Ralph is carrying out a non-participatory overt observation as he's not playing with them.

the secretary of state, appointed by the president with the advice and consent of the senate, is the president's chief foreign affairs adviser. the secretary carries out the president's foreign policies through the state department and the foreign service of the united states.

answer; the region experienced a surplus of food;